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| 品牌 |
ABB |
型号 |
57350001-AR |
| 类型 |
DCS |
加工定制 |
否 |
| 是否进口 |
是 |
|
现代农用拖拉机包含如此多的技术,甚至可以与的航天器相媲美。但后端仍然是老派,主要依赖化石燃料。因此,拖拉机效率的任何优化都是对环境的巨大胜利。
考虑到这一点,普渡大学的研究人员开展了一项能源部项目,以优化连接拖拉机和机具的液压系统。拖拉机使用流体动力来驱动转向和推进的一切;为它拉到他们身后的工具提供动力。
然而,为这些工具供电已被证明是一个问题。拖拉机的液压控制系统在连接到某些工具(如播种机、播种机和打捞机)的液压系统时仅显示出 20% 的效率。“控制方面存在冲突,两个系统几乎相互冲突,”博士 Patrick Stump 说。机械工程的学生。“因此,当它连接到播种机时,拖拉机总是必须以极高的功率运行,这会浪费燃料并增加排放。”
研究人员专注于一种特定的拖拉机-播种机组合。播种机宽 40 英尺,有 16 行种植。每行都有多台机器一起工作以播种。前面有一个清洁轮,可以清除现有的植被;切割盘在地面上切割出一条小沟;电机驱动种子进入地下;喷雾器将水和肥料注入孔中;然后一个圆盘覆盖了这个洞。这些种植行中有 16 行,需要特定的压力才能成功种植种子。所有这些都由一个液压系统提供动力。
为了解决优化这种拖拉机-播种机组合的问题,该团队选择了三阶段方法。首先,他们需要表征液压系统并建立计算机仿真模型。他们首先对单个组件进行建模,并在实验室的静止条件下对其进行测试。然后,他们将组件模型组合成一个系统,并对系统进行测试,以验证整个模型是否有效。一旦他们验证了他们的模型,研究人员就进入了第二阶段:开发他们可以测试的解决方案。
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Modern agricultural tractors contain so much cutting-edge technology, they rival even the latest spacecraft. But the back end is still old-school, relying largely on fossil fuels. So, any optimization in tractor efficiency is a huge win for the environment.
With this in mind, Purdue University researchers have undertaken a Department of Energy project to optimize the hydraulic systems that connect tractors and implements. Tractors use fluid power to actuate everything from the steering and propulsion; to powering the implements it pulls behind them.
Powering the implements has proven to be a problem, however. The hydraulic control system of the tractor has shown only 20 percent efficiency when connected to the hydraulic systems of certain implements like planters, seeders, and bailers. “There’s a conflict in the controls, where the two systems are almost fighting each other,” said Patrick Stump, a Ph.D. student in mechanical engineering. “As a result, when it’s connected to a planter, the tractor always has to run at extremely high power, which wastes fuel and increases emissions.”
The researchers focused on a particular tractor-planter combo. The planter is 40 feet wide, with 16 planting rows. Each row has multiple machines working together to plant the seed. There’s a cleaning wheel in front to remove existing vegetation; a cutting disc cuts a tiny ditch in the ground; a motor drives the seeds into the ground; a sprayer feeds water and fertilizer into the hole; then a final disc covers the hole. There are 16 of these planting rows, which need specific amounts of pressure to successfully plant the seeds. And all of them are powered by a single hydraulic system.
To tackle the problem of optimizing this tractor-planter combo, the team chose a three-phase approach. First, they needed to characterize the hydraulic system and build a computer simulation model. They started by modeling individual components and testing them in a stationary condition in the lab. They then combined the component models into a system and tested the system to verify that the entire model is valid. Once they had validated their model, the researchers moved to phase two: developing solutions they could test.