80026-511-33-R AB电源模块库存实货

开放的标准及工业以太网

　　 当基于Ethernet以太网的I/O在1998年问世时，其主旨是基于标准，开放的以太网及协议应用于工业自动化系统。为了坚持这种思想，Ethernet I/O被设计成运行于标准的10/100 M以太网架构以及开放的Internet协议（IP），这两种都是大多数计算机网络所使用的通用标准。

　　这种方式意味着客户可以用相当低的成本实现系统构造。他们可以基于商用即成的元件-电缆，路由器，交换机，PC等构建控制网络并方便的架构其监测，控制和数据采集的硬件设备并确保工作。网络的物理层可以用非常低的价格实现，另外找到合适的具备网络布局及设计的工程师或集成商也不再困难。

　　同样重要的是，Ethernet I/O中IP网络协议的使用，在传输层中无论对应UPD或者TCP协议，都为更上层的适应性提供了内在的灵活度。已经存在了许多能够运行于TCP/IP或UDP/IP上系统架构的可获取性以及低成本，加上能够对接基于IP的协议及软件应用，帮助了Ethernet I/O在工业自动化应用中得到了快速广泛的增长。

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　　It is interesting that in many languages there is only one word for security and safety. However, in the industrial context, they both cover a different set of concerns that are sometimes in conflict. One definition of safety is that it prevents harm due to unintentional actions, while the corresponding definition of security is that it prevents harm due to intentional actions. Commonalities between the two include the fact that safety and security need to be considered at the architecture level. Otherwise they are very difficult to add in afterward. But the two conflict because the typical safety reaction to an unexpected event is to shut the system down—a feature that hackers can exploit through denial of service attacks, and which security is meant to protect against. Security features typically include passwords for authentication, but do you really want to slow down a safety reaction while somebody types in a password or lock the safety guy out if the password is entered wrong three times?

　　Revision two of IEC 61508 from 2010 contains almost no security requirements. It does state that security must be considered and references the as of yet unreleased IEC 62443 series for guidance. In addition, there are specific standards currently being written to address the relationship between functional safety and security in the machinery and nuclear domains.