GJR2395500R1210 83SR50 ABB控制模块

　　当我们创建新的化合物或复合材料时，将使用具有各种边界条件的摩擦学测试方法对其进行测试。这还包括监控性能和转移膜的变化。关键目标是了解不同的拼图部分如何组合在一起。

　　测试方法包括简单的模型测试，也包括高级组件测试。在这两种情况下，我们都会应用定义的集体应力（p 和 v）并测量材料对随时间产生的摩擦力、温度和磨损。

　　摩擦学数据从实验室实验到实际应用的可转移性是摩擦学研究中最困难的挑战之一。仅当基于非常相似的摩擦学系统时，实验测量值之间的比较才可行。

　　此外，材料的模型和模拟测试仅允许在应用和测试环境的特定操作条件相同时估计特定实际应用中的摩擦学行为。

　　基础研究使用简单抽象的模型测试器进行。然而，为了模拟实际应用，可以使用典型的轴颈轴承装置进行测试。

　　许多干运行轴承复合钢对在其使用寿命中通常经历两个特征性的摩擦和磨损阶段。它们通常以较高的摩擦力开始，随着滑动距离的增加而下降，直到达到稳态阶段（低操作摩擦力）。

　　这种对的磨损特性也可以分为两个阶段。阶段的特点是磨损斜率高，磨损率降低，直到达到操作性能窗口。在此阶段，经常观察到线性磨损特性。

　　增加 PV 组合通常会导致更高的磨损。高速至关重要，尤其是在达到聚合物基体的玻璃化转变温度时。这会导致聚合物状态发生变化，从而导致机械性能降低，通常伴随着较低的耐磨性。我们还看到，这往往会导致过早失效。

　　当经历高聚合物磨损时，反表面粗糙度可能是一个主要因素。这伴随着主要磨损机制的变化。

　　例如，对于粗糙表面，磨粒磨损作用占主导地位，而对于光滑表面，粘合剂相互作用更为常见。同时，适度粗糙的反面通常会导致低磨损，因为它们会促进稳定的转移膜的建立。另一个合理的解释是粘合剂和磨料相互作用之间的平衡。

　　这两个例子表明摩擦和磨损不是材料的固有特性。它们是系统响应。

　　纳米填料的加入对磨损性能有巨大的影响。

　　使用纳米化合物时，系统行为完全改变，早期失效的系统转变为性能良好的系统。这可能是由于更高、更坚固的抗磨损保护，也可能是由于早期形成了坚固的保护性转移膜；或两者的协同组合。

　　当将纳米填料掺入聚合物复合材料中时，初始磨损率和操作磨损率都可以降低。我们的测试表明，当我们添加纳米填料协同显着降低初始材料消耗时，磨损率降低了三到四倍，这确保了更长的磨损寿命。

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　　When we create new compounds or composites, these will be tested using tribological testing methods with various boundary conditions. This also includes monitoring the performance and transfer film changes. The key goal is to understand how the different puzzle parts fit together.

　　The testing methods encompass simple model testing but also advanced component testing. In both cases we apply a defined collective stress (p and v) and measure the resulting friction forces, temperatures and wear of the material pair over time.

　　The transferability of tribological data from laboratory experiment to real applications is one of the most difficult challenges within tribological research. Comparisons between experimentally measured values are only feasible when based on a very similar tribological system.

　　Furthermore, model and simulation testing of materials only allows for an estimate of the tribological behavior in specific real-life applications, when the specific operating conditions of the application and test environment are the same.

　　The basic research is conducted using a simple and abstract model tester. However, to simulate real applications, tests can be performed using a typical journal bearing rig.

　　What factors impact the wear performance of a metal-polymer-contact?

　　Many dry operating bearing composite steel pairs generally undergo two characteristic friction and wear phases in their lifetime. They often start with a higher friction, which declines with progress in the covered sliding distance until a steady-state phase (low operation friction) is achieved.

　　The wear characteristic of such pairs can also be divided into two stages. The first phase is characterized by a high wear slope, and the wear rate decreases until the operational performance window is reached. During this phase, a linear wear characteristic is often observed.

　　Increasing the PV combination normally results in higher wear. High speeds are critical, especially when reaching the glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix. This leads to a change in the polymer state, which results in a reduction in mechanical properties often accompanied by lower resistance to wear actions. We also see that this tends to lead to premature failure.

　　The counter surface roughness can be a dominating factor when experiencing high polymer wear. This is accompanied by a change in the dominating wear mechanisms.

　　For example, for rough surfaces, abrasive wear actions dominate, while for smooth surfaces, adhesive interactions are more common. Meanwhile, moderate rough counter surfaces often lead to low wear because they promote the establishment of a stable transfer film. Another plausible explanation is an equilibrium between adhesive and abrasive interactions.

　　These two examples demonstrate that friction and wear are not intrinsic material properties; they are system responses.

　　The incorporation of nanofillers has a huge impact on wear performance.

　　System behavior completely changed when using nano compounds, with an early failing system transforming into a well-performing system. This could be due to higher, more robust protection against wear actions, or it could be due to an early formation of a robust and protective transfer film; or a synergetic mix of both.

　　Both the initial and operational wear rates can be reduced when incorporating nanofillers into the polymer composite. Our tests show three to four times lower wear rates when we added in nanofillers in synergy with a clear reduction of initial material consumption, this ensures a longer wear life.