ABB 57310303-A DSPC 452 可编程控制器基本单元

　　最简单形式的 DPV 概念确实需要稳态功率。然而，通过将自锁螺线管设计结合到阀门执行器中，可以消除稳态功率要求。在闭锁设计中，永磁体用于在没有电源的情况下将螺线管保持在“闭锁”状态，并使用反极性脉冲来释放阀门。结果是阀门在零功率输入下保持设定的流量条件。消除稳态功耗的组件对于实现电动汽车设计的效率至关重要。

　　真正的零流量状态是 DPV 阀门系统的固有属性（所有阀门都关闭）。比例控制的其他实施方式也可以提供有效的零流量；然而，可能需要严格的机械公差，这会提高碎片敏感性和磨损的风险水平。紧密的配合公差也会增加成本。DPV 概念无需这种权衡即可实现零流量状态。DPV 设计的碎屑容限可以根据应用量身定制，因为它是开关阀的简单组合。致动器可以通过隔膜与主要流体流隔离，以限制碎屑进入致动器。

　　DPV 控制

　　驱动 DPV 阀门系统的控制系统基本上可以通过两种方式实现：

　　控制系统嵌入阀门系统；用于命令系统的模拟或数字输入。

　　仅与 DPV 系统电气连接，远程集中控制。

　　种模式需要在阀门系统和电力电子设备中内置一些智能来控制每个阀门。该 DPV 控制板至少需要三根进线：电源、地线和信号线。控制板会将在信号线上传达的所需状态转换为对阀门的命令。如果控制板检测到断电，它也会提供故障保护状态。

　　第二种模式需要两条线用于 DPV 系统中的每个阀门。然后可以集中控制电子设备，这可以在环境保护方面提供优势，但会增加所需的接线量。在实际的车辆应用中，这两种选择的一些好处可以通过将多个 DPV 系统共同定位在歧管上并将控制电子设备定位在附近来实现。从流体学的角度来看，这种配置也是合乎需要的。

　　DPV 系统的控制电子设备本质上很简单。由于不需要考虑滞后，因此不需要复杂的 PID 控制算法。只需将所需流简单映射到 DPV 状态即可。DPV 控制的单一复杂因素是零稳态功率的结果。打开一个阀门需要一个正向电流脉冲，而关闭同一个阀门需要一个反向电流脉冲。对两个极性的要求消除了共同接地的可能性，并且需要两个独立的连接到每个阀门。然而，即使使用远程电子设备，三阀系统的接线要求也不繁琐。

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　　The DPV concept in its simplest form does require steady-state power; however, by incorporating a latching solenoid design into the valve actuator, the steady-state power requirement can be eliminated. In a latching design, permanent magnets are used to hold the solenoid in the “latched” condition without power, and a reverse-polarity pulse is used to release the valve. The result is a valve that maintains the set flow condition with zero power input. Components that eliminate steady-state power draw are critical to achieving the highest efficiencies from EV designs.

　　A true zero-flow state is a native attribute of a DPV valve system (all valves off). Other implementations of proportional control can also provide effectively zero flow; however, tight mechanical tolerances can be required, which raise the risk level with regard to debris sensitivity and wear. Tight mating tolerances also increase cost. The DPV concept achieves a zero-flow state without requiring this trade-off. The debris tolerance of a DPV design can tailored to the application since it is a simple combination of on-off valves. The actuator can be isolated from the main fluid flow via a diaphragm to limit ingress of debris to the actuator.

　　DPV CONTROL

　　The control system to drive a DPV valve system can be implemented in essentially two ways:

　　Control system embedded in the valve system; analog or digital input used to command the system.

　　Electrical connection only to the DPV system, control centralized remotely.

　　The first schema requires some intelligence be built into the valve system as well as power electronics to control each valve. This DPV Control Board would require a minimum of only three incoming wires: power, ground, and signal. The Control Board would translate the desired state, communicated on the signal line, into commands to the valves. The Control Board would also provide for the failsafe state if it detects a loss of power.

　　The second schema requires two wires for each valve in the DPV system. The control electronics can then be centralized, which may provide advantages in environmental protection but increases the amount of wiring required. In an actual vehicle application, some of the benefits of both options may be realized by co-locating multiple DPV systems on a manifold and locating the control electronics close by. Such a configuration would also be desirable from a fluidics perspective.

　　The control electronics for a DPV system is inherently simple. Since hysteresis need not be accounted for, complicated PID control algorithms are not required. A simple mapping of desired flow to DPV state is all that is needed. The single complicating factor for DPV control is a result of the zero steady-state power. Opening a valve requires a forward current pulse, while closing the same valve requires a reverse current pulse. The requirement for both polarities eliminates the possibility of a common ground and requires two independent connections to each valve. Even with remote electronics, however, the wiring requirements for a three-valve system are not onerous.