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| 品牌 |
ABB |
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GJR2368900R2313 |
| 类型 |
DCS |
性能 |
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工业 |
加工定制 |
否 |
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是 |
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天线有两个主要特性会影响 MIMO 无线电解决方案的特性。首先是总天线阵列尺寸:天线增益与总天线阵列尺寸成正比。第二个是天线阵列如何划分为子阵列。每个子阵列使用一对无线电链单独控制。分区越细(即子阵列越小),可操控性越好。然而,更精细的分区也会导致更高的成本和更大的复杂性,因为相同大小的阵列需要更多的无线电链。
影响子阵列划分有效性的一个关键因素是部署场景,尤其是用户的角度分布。由于用户通常均匀分布在水平域中,因此水平域中的精细划分,提供的水平域波束形成,是有益的。然而,垂直域中用户的分布高度依赖于场景。
在密集的城市高层部署中,垂直域中的用户可能大量分布——也就是说,小区的高度几乎与宽度一样。在这些场景中,具有短子阵列和许多无线电链的垂直域波束形成可提供性能优势。然而,在其他更郊区或农村的部署中,用户在垂直域中的分布更小,更高的子阵列和更少的无线电链最有可能提供具有竞争力的性能,使该解决方案成为更具成本效益的选择。
一般来说,在选择不同的无线电解决方案时需要考虑几个重要的设计参数:
无线电参数,例如无线电链的数量、输出功率、带宽和频段的数量
天线阵列特性,如天线尺寸和子阵列结构
成本效益和外形参数,例如尺寸和重量。
在为网络的不同部分选择具有合适特性的大规模 MIMO 无线电解决方案时,所有这些参数都是必不可少的。
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There are two main characteristics of the antenna that have an impact on the properties of the MIMO radio solution. The first is the total antenna array size: the maximum antenna gain is proportional to the total antenna array size. The second is how the antenna array is partitioned into subarrays. Each subarray is controlled individually using a pair of radio chains. The finer the partition (that is, the smaller the subarrays), the better the steerability. A finer partition also results in higher cost and greater complexity, however, as more radio chains are needed for the same size of array.
A key factor affecting the effectiveness of subarray partitioning is the deployment scenario, and in particular the angular spread of users. As users typically are distributed uniformly in the horizontal domain, it follows that a fine partitioning in the horizontal domain, offering superior horizontal domain beamforming, is beneficial. The spread of users in the vertical domain is, however, highly scenario dependent.
In dense, urban, high-rise deployments, there may be a significant spread of users in the vertical domain – that is, the cells could be almost as tall as they are wide. In these scenarios, vertical-domain beamforming that features short subarrays and many radio chains offers performance benefits. However, in other, more suburban or rural deployments where the spread of users in the vertical domain is smaller, taller subarrays and fewer radio chains are most likely to offer competitive performance, making this solution the more cost-efficient choice.
In general, there are several important design parameters to consider when choosing between different radio solutions:
Radio parameters, such as the number of radio chains, output power, bandwidth and the number of frequency bands
Antenna array characteristics such as antenna size and subarray structure
Cost-efficiency and form-factor parameters such as size and weight.
All of these parameters are essential when selecting a Massive MIMO radio solution with suitable characteristics for the different parts of the network.