焊接时熔池的气泡在凝固时未能逸出而残留下来形成的空穴，叫做气孔。气孔是常见的焊接缺陷之一，它 不仅会出现在焊缝表面还会出现在焊缝内部，有时也贯穿整个焊缝厚度。氢气孔这类气孔主要时有氢引起的，对低碳钢来说，在大多数情况下这类气孔出现在焊缝表面上，气孔 的断面形状多为螺钉状，从焊缝的表面上看呈喇叭状并且在气孔的周围有光滑的内壁。
during welding, the bubbles in the molten pool do not escape while solidifying, and the holes formed by them are called pores. porosity is one of the common welding defects. it will not only appear on the weld surface, but also inside the weld, and sometimes penetrate the entire weld thickness. hydrogen gas blowholes are mainly caused by hydrogen. for low carbon steel, in most cases, this type of stoma appears on the weld surface, and the shape of the pores is mostly screw shaped, the surface of the weld is trumpet shaped and there is a smooth inner wall around the pores.
有时这类气孔也可能残 存在焊缝的内部，如果焊缝中的含氢量过高，此时多以小圆球状存在，对于有色金属，氢气孔也会出现焊缝内 部。由于气孔中气体的不同，气孔的形态特征也不同，主要有氢气孔、一氧化碳气孔、氮气孔。氮气孔氮气引起的气孔一般认为与氢的相似，气孔的类型也多在焊缝表面，但多数情况下是成堆出现， 与蜂窝相似。在现代焊接生产中有氮气引起气孔的机会较少，主要发生在保护条件较差，空气侵入熔池较多时 ，将引起氮气孔。
sometimes this type of gas hole may also exist inside the weld seam. if the hydrogen content in the weld is too high, there is a small round ball at this time. for non-ferrous l, the hydrogen gas hole will also appear inside the weld seam. because of the different gas in stomata, the morphological characteristics of stomata are also different, including hydrogen pores, carbon monoxide pores and nitrogen pores. the porosity caused by nitrogen gas nitrogen is generally similar to that of hydrogen, and the types of stomata are mostly on the surface of the weld, but in most cases it appears in piles, similar to the honeycomb. in modern welding production, there is less chance of nitrogen gas to cause gas holes, which mainly occurs when the protection conditions are poor, and when the air invades the molten pool, it will cause the nitrogen gas hole.
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